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Brachypterygius
''Brachypterygius'' (meaning ″wide wing/paddle″ in Greek) is an extinct genus of platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Late Jurassic of England, France, European Russia and possibly Madagascar.〔McGowan, C. & Motani, R. ''Ichthyopterygia''. In Sues, H.-D. (ed.) Handbook of Paleoherpetology, vol. 8. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 175 pp., 19 pls.〕 The type species was originally described and named as ''Ichthyosaurus extremus'' by Boulenger in 1904.〔Boulenger, G. A. 1904. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a paddle of a new species of ichthyosaur. ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'', 1904, 424–426.〕 ''Brachypterygius'' was named by Huene in 1922 for the width and shortness of the forepaddle, and the type species is therefore ''Brachypterygius extremus''.〔Huene, F. F. von 1922. ''Die Ichthyosaurier des Lias und ihre Zusammenhänge''. Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 114 pp., 22 pls.〕 The holotype of ''B. extremus'' was originally thought to be from the Lias Group of Bath, UK, but other specimens suggest it more likely came from the Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic) of Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, UK.
== Description ==
''Brachypterygius'' is a medium to large ichthyosaur, with a skull length of 0.5–1.2 m.〔McGowan, C. 1976. The description and phenetic relationships of a new ichthyosaur genus from the Upper Jurassic of England. ''Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences'', 13, 668–683. doi:10.1139/e76-070〕〔McGowan, C. 1997. The taxonomic status of ''Grendelius mordax'': a preliminary report. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'', 17, 428–430. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010986〕 The snout is long, as is characteristic for ichthyosaurs, with larger and more robust teeth, and a relatively smaller eye than ''Ophthalmosaurus''.〔 The basioccipital has a very narrow extracondylar area.〔 The forepaddle may have five or six digits, with the maximum phalangeal count being between 8 and 16.〔〔 A key feature is the three facets at the distal end of the humerus; the middle is the smallest and articulates with the intermedium, which clearly separates ''Brachypterygius'' from ''Ophthalmosaurus'', the most common Late Jurassic ichthyosaur.〔
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